Homosexuality Paper -Philosophy - 1526 Words

Is Homosexuality Right Or Wrong? by Nazha Gali My topic is homosexuality and the natural law theory. The natural law theory, which was founded by Aquinas, rests on a certain view that the world has a rational order with values and purposes built into its very nature. And since homosexuality is against the orders of nature, the natural law theory totally condemns it. I disagree with this point of view because I choose not to judge homosexuals but instead I accept them as members of our society. Middle Eastern societies do not accept homosexuals because their beliefs are against it, but sometimes different behaviors can add to the diversity in a society. We should not let homosexuals feel like they are being looked down upon or treated†¦show more content†¦The natural law theory would answer that it is morally wrong because it is not at all reasonable to love someone from the same sex. Otherwise, why would God create Adam and Eve rather than create Adam and Steve? If the Earth was inhabited by people of the same sex, then it would be more reasonable to practice homosexuality. I tend to disagree with the natural law theory views on homosexuality. Even following this, it may be irrational to love someone of the same sex, but it does not make it a wrong action. The natural law theory commits a naturalistic fallacy. It is deriving an ought: immoral to be homosexual from an is: people being created as males and females. Thus, this argument has a naturalistic fallacy and is a non-valid argument. According to the natural law theory, gay sex is condemned because such sex is used for purposes other than procreation, but what if a guy gets pleasure from having sex with another guy? Pleasure sensation is something good and should not be looked upon as something evil or bad. One wonders why God created our sex organs with so much nerve endings if the purpose of the sex organs is not pleasure sensation. Second, sex is something sacred and one should share it with the one he loves and thereby if one wants to have sex to express the love for the loved one and not for procreation, this is not wrong. When a guy is having sex with another guy sure he is not using his sex organsShow MoreRelated Homosexuality in the Film Latter Days and in Sexual Perversion by Nagel1369 Words   |  6 Pagesbetter understanding on one of the most controversial types of relationships, homosexuality. The topic of homosexuality isn’t easy to openly talk about but it is important as philosophy students, to have an open-mind about topics that we don’t partake in. Doing so allows us to promote new ways of thinking about the world around us and see them in a whole new light. 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Universalisation says that we should apply homosexuality as a maxim and applyRead MoreThe Prohibition Of Same Sex Marriage1326 Words   |  6 PagesGrisales, Estefania Philosophy Paper Tuesday, Thursday 11:15 AM Why Should People Interfere in Someone Else’s Decision of Who to Love?: Same-Sex Marriage In this paper, I argue against the prohibition of same-sex marriage. To begin, the prohibition is a violation of personal freedom. We should respect the freedom each human has to choose who they want to love and who they want to spend their lives with; why should it be somebody else’s decision when is a personal life. Furthermore, it is importantRead MoreSexual Orientation And Identity Of An Individual2117 Words   |  9 Pagessexual orientation. This paper is tailored to give the topic of sexual orientation a deeper and wide look. For deeper examination and understanding, the topic sexual orientation has been broken down into a number of subtopics. This paper will discuss the fundamental concepts of sexual orientation, the development of human sexual orientation, the history of the origin of sexual orientation and types of sexual orientations. In addition, this paper will discuss the various philosophies that explain the originRead MoreI Honors, Mccormack / Ecker1080 Words   |  5 PagesFriday, March 11, 2016 Tiffany Soto Philosophy I Honors, McCormack/Ecker Period 3 Papal Paper On April 19th, 2005, when the wisps of white smoke puffed from the chimney of Sistine Chapel, the Roman Catholic Church had their first German Pope since the 11th century. Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger, known as Benedict the XVI, is the two hundred and sixty-sixth Pope of the Roman Catholic Church. Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger was elevated to the papacy on April 19th the year 2005, due to the death of the belovedRead MoreHomosexuality in Canada1783 Words   |  8 PagesResearch Paper Outline: Homosexuality in Canada Introduction Invention is the greatest idea of our time. Whether it is medical, scientific, social, or mechanical, a new invention of the day seems to be part of our everyday lives. Homosexuality is really no different. It may not be your everyday invention, but it clearly is and people throughout time to try and identify the first â€Å"known homosexual† in time. Some people wanted this new idea of homosexuality to just go away, but as time has goneRead MoreEssay about A Life of Celibacy; Buddhism and Sex1910 Words   |  8 Pagesof a celibate life that makes for a true monk or nun, but the ability to realize that the sexual desirability of self or others is not the fundamental meaning of human worth. This is only realized when we can be totally at oneness. Buddhist philosophy explains that humans have the freedom to choose, but that our mind controls us, which leads us to continue in the circle of existence and therefore not reach the fundamental goal that is enlightenment. A Buddhist therefore aims to eliminate theRead MoreThe Quantitative Article, Donaldson, Sue And Will Essay1153 Words   |  5 Pagesbe citizens in the polis regardless of tyranny,† this is backed up by main ideas and supported by their arguments. Kymlicka’s credentials include, being a Professor of Philosophy and having a Canadian Research Chair in the Political Philosophy field, having a B.A. in political studies and philosophy and his D.Phil. in philosophy. Therefore, the article â€Å"Unruly Beasts: Animal Citizens and the Threat of Tyranny† is a reliable source to consider when exploring the topic of animal citizenship. The

The Development of Wave Energy in China Free Essays

Introduction With the growing concern over the emission of greenhouse gas and the depletion of fossil in roughly a hundred years (Guo, 2010), greater emphasis are placed on the utilization the renewable clean energy, such as solar energy, wind energy, hydro energy, biomass energy. Wave power, as one of inexhaustible clean energies, stands out prominently due to high efficiency and low capital cost. As a result, Sea wave power has been increasingly viewed in many countries as a competitive and promising energy resource(You, 2003). We will write a custom essay sample on The Development of Wave Energy in China or any similar topic only for you Order Now China’s engagement in the study of wave energy conversion since 1970’s has made significant progress in fueling China’s fast growing economy. And there is still great potential of further exploitation of wave energy as about 7? 1010 W of wave energy is technological accessible in the near shore of China. Development and deployment of wave power help phase in the energy structure swift ‘from coal-dominance to more shares of clean energy types’ to tackle the problem of energy crisis and environmental pollution in a cost-effective manner (reference from Beijing Foreign Affairs Office). This term paper focuses on the conditions, progress and challenges of utilizing wave energy in China. Firstly it discusses the physical concepts of sea wave energy, including the basic process, relative merits and several common converters. The main part then elaborates on the reasons and situations for China to exploit wave power. It finally concludes from the progress of utilization that wave power has a vast developing foreground and an infinite market potential in China. Physical Features of Wave Power As one of the mechanical waves, the ocean waves are generated by wind blowing vastly enough over the sea surface and transferring energy from wind to wave(Guo, 2010). Specifically, the formation of waves is due to ‘the tangential stress on the interface between the wind and sea’(Guo, 2010), intensified by ‘the wind blows on the upwind side of the wave which cause pressure different between upwind and downwind of wave(Guo, 2010). While energy transformation takes place in macrocosm and transverse aspect, changes of energy magnitude exist in microcosm and longitudinal regard. Under the action of wind and gravity, the particle moves in circle in deep water while moves elliptically in shallow water. Dimensions of particle trajectories decrease exponentially as the depth increase in both deep water and shallow water(Guo, 2010). Typically these paths will become very small at a water depth larger than a few wavelengths in the deep water (Chow, 2012), which means that the larger orbits on the sea surface contain more wave energy than those in the deeper location. Consequently, ‘the wave energy is stored in the ocean worldwide and highly concentrated near the ocean surface’(Guo, 2010). The above-mentioned kinetic energy and potential energy generated by sea surface waves is referred to as ocean wave energy(â€Å"Wave Energy Development,† 2006). Huge amount of energy is stored in waves, consisting of 94% energy of the ocean stored in the waves and the other 6% in tidal energy(Guo, 2010). Generally speaking, wave power cannot convert to electricity directly like wind energy. Wave energy should first be captured and converted into useful mechanical energy and then use this form of mechanical energy to generate electricity’(Guo, 2010), which might cause energy loss during conversion. Three determinants of energy output are wave height, wave speed, wavelength, and water density. †¦ Relative Advantage and Disadvantages The technology of producing electricity from sea waves is innovative and a leading method worldwide. Environmental pollution and global warming as a result of fossil fuel consumption have turned people to make use of largest world resource to create electricity, namely, sea waves. Comparing with other renewable clean energies, wave power has relative high-lightened merits as follows(Kloosterman, 2010): High Density Wave power is the densest power among renewable energy resources, namely about 5kW/m to 100kW/m(Guo, 2010). The high density of wave power implies that considerable amounts of electricity may be yielded at relatively small sites. Certain Continuity The second feature that makes wave power suitable for electricity production is that the wave power can produce electricity continuously Unlike most of renewable energy resources (Guo, 2010). By contrast, nuclear power plants and hydroelectric stations are hi ghly susceptible to earthquake damage and China is hit by more than 4 typhoons a year on average, making the building of wind farms extremely difficult but wave electrical devices promising(Aviv, 2008). High Efficiency Besides high density and continuity in production, wave energy also is characterized by its high efficiency. According to S. D. E, wave energy has the potential to provide 4 times more energy per square meter than wind, leading to rendering 500 times more than the electricity requirements of the whole world population if fully harnessed which ‘offers a solution to the severe global shortage of electricity that is estimated to cost billions of dollars’(Aviv, 2008). Multi-purpose Utilization Plenty of other purposes can be realized by wave energy besides providing electricity. The low temperature water in deep seas can replace Freon for the refrigeration of air-conditioners in summer. Desalination of sea water on islands lacking of fresh water can also be achieved by wave power. As with You (2003), ‘Multi-purpose utilization of wave energy can increase its commercial values’. Some Drawbacks As a rather new field with most of the technology under development, the practical efficiency of the wave power device is not high enough. Basically, wave power is ready to be used at low speed and high force and the motion of forces is not in a single direction, raising difficulties for most electric generators that operate at higher speeds and turbines that need a constant, steady flow(â€Å"Powered by the Sea,†). Conversely, the cost for construction is high. Since the devices used for capturing the sea waves, ‘the structure need to be withstanding the rough weather and the corrosive sea water’(Guo, 2010). ‘The total cost includes the primary converter, the power take-off system, the mooring system, installation and maintenance cost, and electricity delivery costs(â€Å"Powered by the Sea,†)’, boosting costs of generation in this way. Also, the wave power electricity generation is highly dependent on the sea characteristics, putting limits of the construction of wave power devices exclusively to the high wave power density coastlines(Guo, 2010). Moreover, wave electricity devise can exert potential negative influence on the marine environment. Large-scale implementation of wave energy converts (WECs) is likely to introduce an anthropogenic activity in the ocean(Patricio, 2009). This in turn may contribute to underwater noise which is detrimental to certain marine fauna with acoustic sensibility. Proper and continuous monitor of the noise can help abate the negative effect on marine species. Consequently, the advantages of wave energy far outweigh its drawbacks which mostly can be mitigated with further technological development. Potential Worldwide and in China ‘The realistically usable worldwide resource of wave energy has been estimated to be greater than 2 TW’, equivalent to an annual amount of 6000TWh(Wikipedia). The practical potential to harness the wave power to generate electricity would be much less given some constraints like technical and economic difficulties(Guo, 2010). Waves generate approximately 2,700 gig watts of power. According to Wikipedia, of those 2,700 gig watts, only about 500 gig watts can be utilized with the technology currently. This huge potential and applicability of wave power concentrate especially on the regions along coastlines, including the western seaboard of Europe, the northern coast of the UK, and the Pacific coastlines of North and South America, Southern Africa, Australia, and New Zealand(Wikipedia). South-eastern China has an obvious comparative advantage in regard of wave resources, with excellent conditions for mineralization, and there are 130 types of minerals with proven reserves. Recent Progress of utilization of wave power in China Although the first known patent on wave energy conversion was issued as early as 1799, extensive researches have not been carried out until the early 1970s(â€Å"Wave Energy Development,† 2006). Extracting the power of the waves is ‘moving out of the realms of sea mythology and into scientific reality’(â€Å"Powered by the Sea,†). Representative countries that pioneered in this field are United Kingdom,Norway,Portugal,China,India and so on(You, 2003). ‘Various kinds of wave energy conversion devices have been proposed and many prototype wave power stations have been constructed, such as Salter duck, clam, Cockerel raft, oscillating water column (OWC)(You, 2003). ’ Had it not been due to certain technical and economic constraints, the huge reserve of power stored in oceans covering 71% of the earth’s surface is bound to have a promising foreground. For example, most of the studies on other influencing devices have been called off in light of low conversion efficiency and poor sustainability, leaving the OWC system of wave energy conversion to be the major direction of researches(You, 2003). Therefore, wave power generation is not currently a widely employed commercial technology comparing with other renewable green energies(â€Å"Powered by the Sea,†). In tune with the world trend, China is in the first rank of countries in studying wave energy conversion at present with a history also dated back to 1970s. Actually, the application of wave power in a real sense started in 1982(Guo, 2010). Developments in establishing small marine wave power devices like lighthouse or small power devices equipped in ships laid foundation for the completion of the first wave power station in 2005 with capacity of 50kW and yields roughly 26MWh every year(Guo, 2010). The next milestone is also established in 2005 which is the largest wave power station in china with capacity of 100kW. Both of the power stations are located in the southern province Guangdong with 4,300 km in costline. China has established Department of Energy in 2009, and will focus on development of renewable energy include wave power. Glorious past contributes to the present development of wave energy in China. It is one of the most influencing countries in studying wave energy conversion at present. Up to now, three types of facilities utilizing wave power have been developed, including shoreline OWC wave power plants, floating OWC buoys and pendulous wave power plants(You, 2003). Besides, one of the two power plants in Guangdong province is under construction with 150kW capacity and the other one of 500Kw capacity is planed to start in the near future(Psenak, 2012). A third plant was built in Yangjiang City in 2011. Applicability of different wave power technologies in China can be summarized into five kinds, that is Oscillating water column(OWC), Pelamis wave power converter, Oyster wave power conerter, wave dragon converter and Finavera wave power converter(Guo, 2010). The main disadvantages with OWC are low efficiency and high capital cost, which canbe addressed with the development of OWC technology. According to the Chinese wave power company, the estimated total efficiency of the OWC system can reach 20%(Guo, 2010). Although covering the shortages of OWC, Pelamis wave power convertor with long and narrow (snake-like) shape pointing into the waves, is not suitable for China as it can only be applied to high power density area. The same situation applies to the Finavera power converter. The Oyster system ‘consists of a hinged mechanical flap connected to the seabed at a depth of 10 metres. Each passing wave moves the flap which drives hydraulic pistons to deliver high pressure water via a pipeline to an onshore turbine which generates electricity’(â€Å"Powered by the Sea,†). Unlike Pelamis wave power converter, ‘Oyster wave converter has relative low limitation in wave power density and it is near-shore fixed in shallow water’(Guo, 2010). Moreover, the capital cost of Oyster wave power convertor is lower than OWC systems. It is considered suitable for China, according to Guo(2010). The wave dragon technology is not mature enough to be put into practice in full size. †¦ The future of wave power in China Chinese policy is open to developing comprehensive renewable energy resources, including wind power, solar power and wave power. Although wave power is currently the least used in China, it is widely believed that wave power has a big potential because of some advantageous natural conditions(Guo, 2010). †¦good wave climate in Guangdong, Fujian and some other provinces. The potential capacities of wave power in China are 500GW approximately(Liu). Wave energy is considered to be the large useful wave power resource in China. The technologies of wave power have been developed for a long time, though not very mature due to the high cost of the existing wave power plant. Continous experiments with new equipments to harness ocean wave energy as well as efforts to attract sizeable foreign investments would be the major goals of this giant developing country(â€Å"Wave Power Projects in US, Scotland and China â€Å", 2010). It is reasonably estimated that the cost for wave power generation will decrease to a rational level if wave power is largely used for commercial generation(Guo, 2010). As analyzed preceedingly, the on land Oyster systems suit China best and improved OWC will be the most widely adopted wave power generation system in China. According to Guo, ‘if they are combined with newer systems off-shore wave power generation system such as Wave Dragon and Pelamis, these will form the future Chinese wave power generation system’. In this way, the time volatility of wave energy can also be smoothed by interconnection of large numbers of devices(Falnes, 1991). Hence, wave energy is expected to have a great potential to be economically competitive with the development of new designs and technical improvements over time(Falnes, 1991). Establishing, operating and maintaining the convert facilities of wave energy is set to provide a major boost to coastal societies for the country. Aviv, T. (2008). Sea Wave Power Plants Available in China Retrieved from http://www. renewableenergyworld. com/rea/news/article/2008/07/sea-wave-power-plants-available-in-china-53176 Falnes, J. L. , J. (1991). Ocean wave energy. Energy Policy, 19(8), 768-775. Guo, L. H. (2010). Applicability and Potential of Wave Power in China. 48. Retrieved from http://hig. diva-portal. org/smash/record. jsf? pid=diva2:327695 Kloosterman, K. (2010). SDE Makes Wave Power in China: Where It’s Completing 1 MW Power Plant Deal. Retrieved from http://www. greenprophet. com/2010/04/sde-wave-energy-china/ Patricio, S. , Soares, C. Sarmento, A. (2009). Underwater Noise Modelling of Wave Energy Devices. 9. Retrieved from http://www. see. ed. ac. uk/~shs/Wave%20Energy/EWTEC%202009/EWTEC%202009%20(D)/papers/151. pdf Powered by the Sea. New Scientist / Wikipedia. Retrieved from http://www. globalenvironmentalsociety. net/index. php? option=com_contentview=articleid=57:powered-by-the-seacatid=25:newsItemid=113 Psenak, L. (2012). Two wave power plants underway in China. Retrieved from http://www. renewable-energy-technology. net/marine-hydro/two-wave-power-plants-underway-china Wave Energy Development. (2006). Retrieved from http://www. fp7-standpoint. eu/index. php/en/wave-energy/wave-energy-development Wave Power Projects in US, Scotland and China (2010). Retrieved from EconomyWatch website: http://www. economywatch. com/renewable-energy/wave-power-development. html Wikipedia. Wave Power. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Wave_power You, Y. G. , Zheng, Y. H. , Shen, Y. M. , Wu, B. J. Liu, R. . (2003). Wave Energy Study in China: Advancements and Perspectives. China Ocean engineering, 17(1), 101-109. How to cite The Development of Wave Energy in China, Essay examples

The Catholic Church and birth control Essay Example For Students

The Catholic Church and birth control Essay On June 28, 1966, the Papal Commission on Birth Control submitted a report to the Vatican after they had prayed together, listened to presentations from experts, reviewed surveys taken from over 3,000 dedicated Catholic couples from 18 countries, and argued among themselves about numerous matters pertaining to human sexuality. This report stated that the Churchs teaching on the intrinsic evil of artificial contraception was in a state of doubt. It also recommended that the procreative aspect of sex should not be tied to every sexual act, but belong to marriage as a whole and that couples should be free to choose the non-abortive method of family planning that would work best for them. We will write a custom essay on The Catholic Church and birth control specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now However, On July 29, 1968, Pope Paul VI published Humanae Vitae (On Human Life), which basically denied the recommendations of the committee. His reasons for this document were that the vote for the commission’s report was not unanimous and that his predecessor had established papal teachings based on natural law that he chose to uphold. Although there was no unanimous concordance, but a 30-5 vote is a pretty strong consensus! He chose to assert the power and authority of his office over the collegially discerned recommendations of the Commission, which had acted in the spirit of Vatican Council II. He chose to say that he knew what was better for the good of married couples than the 3,000 or so couples consulted by the Commission, and he understood theology and the moral law more clearly than the bishops, cardinals and theologians serving on the Commission. The consequence of this has been a loss of respect for the teaching office of the Church, and the marginalizing of count less thousands of Catholics. â€Å"The ban on artificial birth control is total and absolute. Fr. Peter M. J. Stravinskas, The Catholic Answer. who do not accept the thesis that every contraceptive act is morally wrong. I can vouch for the fact that very many bishops share the same . . . (Fr. Richard McCormick maintains that) there are many Jesuits conviction. However, sadly enough, fewer and fewer are willing to say this publicly. Thomas J. Gumbleton, Auxilliary Bishop of Detroit, in America, November 20, 1993. These two quotes reflect something of the tension and diversity of opinion among Catholics regarding the Churchs teachings on birth control. Some, like Fr. Stravinskas, seem to regard artificial contraception as morally wrong in all circumstances. Others, like Bishop Gumbleton (and the many bishops and Jesuits to whom he alludes), question the very basis for considering artificial contraception to be immoral. The attitudes of priests and other ministers who are entrusted with providing moral guidance at the parish level also reflect this diversity. When these priests are asked about the morality of artificial birth control, some say that it is a mortal sin regardless of the circumstances of the couple. Others tell couples that they are to learn the Churchs teachings and make up their own minds about what to do. The response of the laity, especially in the Western world, has been mixed. The Natural Family Planning movement is stronger than ever, with salaried teachers in many dioceses . Nevertheless, over 80% of Catholic couples within their childbearing years use some form of artificial contraception at some time to regulate the births of their children. These couples are often regularly attending church yet they do not seem especially concerned about living in mortal sin. What is interesting is that even though they have disregarded the Churchs teachings on birth control, a majority of these same people support Pope John Paul II and value his leadership (Associated Press Poll, 6/5/96). This split between Catholics love of the Pope and their blatant disregard for his teachings on human sexuality is one of the most significant signs of the struggles within the church. .ua932204c073cdcdf360102a63dce53b6 , .ua932204c073cdcdf360102a63dce53b6 .postImageUrl , .ua932204c073cdcdf360102a63dce53b6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua932204c073cdcdf360102a63dce53b6 , .ua932204c073cdcdf360102a63dce53b6:hover , .ua932204c073cdcdf360102a63dce53b6:visited , .ua932204c073cdcdf360102a63dce53b6:active { border:0!important; } .ua932204c073cdcdf360102a63dce53b6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua932204c073cdcdf360102a63dce53b6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua932204c073cdcdf360102a63dce53b6:active , .ua932204c073cdcdf360102a63dce53b6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua932204c073cdcdf360102a63dce53b6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua932204c073cdcdf360102a63dce53b6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua932204c073cdcdf360102a63dce53b6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua932204c073cdcdf360102a63dce53b6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua932204c073cdcdf360102a63dce53b6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua932204c073cdcdf360102a63dce53b6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua932204c073cdcdf360102a63dce53b6 .ua932204c073cdcdf360102a63dce53b6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua932204c073cdcdf360102a63dce53b6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Modular Arithmetic EssayI feel that every person is distinct and has a dramatically different story to tell. It is, therefor, impossible to make one general statement regarding a controversial issue and expect it to work, or be true, for everyone. There will always be â€Å"what if†¦Ã¢â‚¬  questions that need to be looked at on a case by case basis. When the pope published Humanae Vitae he completely disregarded the opinions of the people he is supposed to be leading. I feel that because the church says that every sexual act should have the possibility of creating life it is hypocritical to support natural family planning but not contraceptives such as condoms and t he pill. Each of these takes away the possibility of having a child and is used with the same intent. I feel that this issue should be decided on each couple based on their situation and should not be decided by someone as removed from the situation as the pope is. Bibliography:Catholic CatechismHumanae Vitae, Pope Paul VI

buy custom Legalization of Marijuana essay

buy custom Legalization of Marijuana essay Marijuana is obtained from various parts of the hemp plant-cannabis sativa which include the flowers, the stem and the leaves. In many countries, marijuana is viewed as a very dangerous drug and has therefore been declared illegal. However, illegalization of the drug does not deter people from using (abusing) it. In fact; it is the fourth most commonly used drug in the world after caffeine, cigar, and alcohol. Those who use the drugs have given it names like weed, pot, reefer among other names. The drug has been used as a way of getting euphoria since ancient times. The use of the drug is thought to have started in china at around 2737 B.C before spreading to India, north Africa and then to the rest of the world. From 1850 to 1942, American physicians used to prescribe the drug for conditions like labor pains, nausea and rheumatism. However, in 1930s various ant-narcotics organizations including the U.S. Federal bureau of narcotics started campaigning for its illegalization arguing t hat its use led to narcotics addiction. This led to its eventual illegalization. Despite the fact that it is illegal in many countries, many people continue to abuse the drug. Of late there have been many debates with some organizations arguing for its legalization while others continue to maintain that it should not be legalized (procon.org). Should the drug be legalized? Research has shown that hemp plant which produces marijuana contains a chemical known as Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).According to research, THC, reduces suffering for cancer and AIDs patients in that it increases appetite and reduces nausea. It is also used by glaucoma patients by decreasing pressure within the eye. Multiple sclerosis patients can also use it to reduce neuropathic pain as well as spacity. Research studies have also shown that THC may help to decrease nervous tics and urges by significant levels in patients with Tourette disorder. With all this evidence on its medical use, marijuana ought to be legalized in order to alleviate pain and suffering undergone by the various patients mentioned (The Columbia Encyclopedia) It is true that marijuana exposes its users to fewer health risks than legal drugs like tobacco and alcohol. Health risks from marijuana have been overstated. Research has shown that that many drugs if taken in large quantities (overdose) are likely to lead to death even though they are legal drugs. On the other hand, marijuana has never caused any fatal overdose. The legal drugs contiue to kill many people and yet nobody calls for their prohibition. The table below shows how various drugs have caused deaths in comparison with marijuana. From the table we can conclude that the legal drugs used for medication are more fatal than marijuana. Therefore, the drug ought to be legalized especially for medical use. This will minimize the number of deaths caused by the so called legal drugs (medicalmarijuana.procon.org). DRUG CLASSIFICATION Specific Drugs per Category Primary Suspect of the Death Secondary Suspect (contributing to death) Total Deaths Reported 1/1/97 - 6/30/05 A. MARIJUANA also known as: Cannabis sativa L Marijuana Cannabis Cannabinoids 0 279 279 B. ANTI-EMETICS (used to treat vomiting) Compazine Reglan Marinol Zofran Anzemet Kytril Tigan 196 429 625 C. ANTI-SPASMODICS (used to treat muscle spasms) Baclofen Zanaflex 118 56 174 D. ANTI-PSYCHOTICS (used to treat psychosis) Haldol Lithium Neurontin 1,593 702 2,295 E. OTHER POPULAR DRUGS (used to treat various conditions including ADD, depression, narcolepsy, erectile dysfunction, and pain) Ritalin Wellbutrin Adderall Viagra Vioxx 8,101 492 8,593 F. TOTALS of A-E Number of Drugs in Total Primary Suspect of the Death Secondary Suspect (contributing to death) Total Deaths Reported 1/1/97 - 6/30/05 TOTAL DEATHS FROM MARIJUANA 1 0 279 279 TOTAL DEATHS FROM 17 FDA-APPROVED DRUGS 17 10,008 1,679 11,687 The dangers caused by the use of marijuana are made worse by the fact that it is an illegal drug. The drug is taken in its raw form. Since the drug is illegal, it cannot be processed in order to remove its harmful aspects. Furthermore, its illegalization makes it impossible for the government to enforce quality measures on the drugs products which are manufactured and sold illegally. If the drug was legalized, this would allow for its processing hence ensuring users of quality. Furthermore the manufacturers of the drug would be able to come up with the right prescriptions of the drug .all these efforts would minimize the health dangers posed by the drugs usage. Therefore, there would be fewer incidences of people being addicted by the drug or getting complications owing to its use. As stated earlier, marijuana has a lot of medicinal value. However, its criminalization prevents the government and various pharmaceutical industries to undertake extensive research regarding to its use fo r medicinal value. Research regarding to the use of the drug would result into more effective and safer marijuana medicine. The research would also lead to better recreational marijuana because new drug with the desired effects fo9und in the current marijuana would be created. The marijuana would have fewer health effects (Swlearning.com). Buy custom Legalization of Marijuana essay

How To Make The Best Blog Graphics (For Non-Designers) - CoSchedule Blog

How To Make The Best Blog Graphics (For Non-Designers) Blog As bloggers and content marketers, one of your biggest challenges is making sure that your blog posts not only read well, but also look awesome. You probably know why: Posts with better graphics are easier to read and get more shares. The problem is that you may not  have the budget, nor the skills necessary for creating blog post graphics from scratch.  You also like to do things yourself, or just don’t have the means to hire a freelance designer every time you need a new header image for a blog post. That puts you at a slight  disadvantage against your competitors who are already rocking great blog graphics. The good news is that you can learn to create your own blog post graphics fairly quickly. A handful of dollars in stock graphics, a few hours in Photoshop, and you will be on your way to making your blog look better in no time. How To Make The Best #Blog Graphics (For Non-Designers) via @puranjaycomIn this post, I’ll share with you the exact strategies I use to create visuals for my posts, right from start to finish. But first, a quick overview of why your blog actually needs more visuals. Why Your Blog Posts Need More Visual Content Human beings are visual creatures. Our brains process images 60,000 times faster than text. This is a crucial stat for bloggers and content marketers- it means readers are more likely to engage with your visuals than with your words. (Which also explains why infographics tend to be so successful). There are dozens of reasons why you need to add more graphics to your blog posts, but the five  most important ones I can think of are: Higher engagement: Articles with relevant images get 94% more page views than those without. Highlight crucial data: In-post graphics are a good way to highlight the most important data points within an article. If there is something you really want your readers to see, you’re better off putting it into a mini infographic than the main post body (especially considering how most visitors read just 20% of a Web page on average). Get more shares: Pages with pictures see 50% more shares. Create better post structure: In-post graphics are a great way to give better structure to your post by dividing the content into different sections- an oft-ignored benefit. More credibility: 67% of consumers consider detailed images to carry even more weight than customer ratings, reviews, and product descriptions. Recommended Reading:  10 Stunning Examples Of Visual Content Marketing Now that we know why we need visuals, let’s look at how we can create our own blog  graphics. The Building Blocks Of Awesome Blog Graphics You don’t need to know a lot to create your own blog graphics. In fact, this article assumes that your design skills don’t extend beyond cropping an image and adding a filter to it in Photoshop (explained below). That said, you can greatly accelerate the graphic-creation process by mastering a few simple Photoshop skills and building up a library of stock graphics that will serve as the ‘building blocks’ for all your visuals. Let’s look at each of these in detail. Essential Photoshop skills to create blog graphics. You don’t have to master Photoshop to create good looking designs. Being familiar with the interface and understanding a few basic skills will be more than enough. At the very least, you should know the following: Cropping, resizing and selecting images, or parts of images. Layers and how they work. Blending modes and Layer blending options. Creating simple shapes such as circles, rounded rectangles, etc. Using the font tool. Importing and using patterns, brushes, and shapes. Using grids and guides to lay out individual elements. All this shouldn’t take you more than a couple of hours of work to learn. Everything else you can learn along the way. There are only 7 things you need to know with Photoshop to create awesome #blog graphics.Choose your colors. Color is the non-designer’s Achilles heel. We either use too many colors, or often, too few- neither of which leads to desirable results. â€Å"What colors should I use?† is the number one question I get asked by non-designers (and the question I often find asking myself). For answers, follow the two step process below: 1. Pick one dominant color. Take a look at any popular website and you will see one thing in common: They all use a single dominant color everywhere. Facebook has its blue, TechCrunch is green and Snapchat is overwhelmingly yellow. All reports, blog posts, and visuals they put out follow the same color palette. For your own blog  graphics, follow the same strategy: Pick one dominant color (ideally, the same as your site color) and use it everywhere. Complement it with lighter variations of the same color when needed. You can always branch out and experiment with more colors of course (it would be a dull world if you couldn’t), but for simplicity’s sake, stick to one dominant color when you’re starting out. Recommended Reading:  Why Visual Brand Consistency Is Important 2. For additional colors, use the Google material design color palette. One of the harder things to understand as an amateur designer is how different colors work with each other and the subtle differences between, say, #FA4B00 and #F04800 (two hexadecimal numbers for different colors). The good news: You don’t have to learn all this on your own. By taking advantage of pre-existing, professional color palettes, you can jump right in and use proven colors in your designs. To start with, use the Google material design color palette. These are Google-approved colors for the Android UI. They look good and cover a huge range of colors. If you get tired of your ‘one dominant color’, pick a few shades from this palette and start experimenting. Pro Tip: Download the palette as a swatch and open it in Photoshop to get immediate access to all colors. Recommended Reading:  Color Psychology In Marketing: The Complete Guide Pick your fonts. After color, typography is the most widely misunderstood aspect of design. You’ve probably seen this in action yourself: flyers with Papyrus, memos written entirely in Comic Sans, and websites that use nothing but Times New Roman. Designers can talk for hours about kerning and line height and letter spacing, but as bloggers, we don’t really need all that. Instead, all we need to know is: What fonts look good. How to pick a good font pair. Here are the answers to these questions: 1. What fonts look good? Some good fonts are expensive (a single license of a professional font can cost upwards of $200), so I’m going to focus entirely on free fonts for now. Fortunately for us, high-quality free fonts have never been easier to find. Your first stop should be Google Fonts. This free font library will give you access to all the fonts you need. It can be overwhelming at first, so I suggest sticking to these tried and tested fonts, for now: If you need something beyond this selection, stop by Typekit.com and check out the fonts that come pre-loaded with a free account (only 25k pageviews/month though- not for you popular bloggers). Next, check out Typography.com and the nearly weekly giveaways at CreativeMarket.com. If you are willing to splurge, you can also check out some boutique font foundries at FontShop.com. 2. How should you  pair fonts? There are two guidelines to pairing fonts: Fonts from the same family go well together.  For obvious reasons, if two fonts are from the same family (say, PT Sans and PT Sans-Serif), they will look good together. Combine serif with sans-serif fonts.  For optimum results, combine a serif font with a sans-serif font. If your posts are long and wordy, use serif in the body text, sans-serif in the headings. For shorter posts (under 2,000 words- a majority of posts), use sans-serif in the body, serif in headlines. (In case you are wondering, serif fonts are those with the little horizontal bar at the edges. Sans-serif, obviously, are those without.) Instead of experimenting with different pairings, pick a few tried and tested combinations to start with. For inspiration, install WhatFont extension and see what fonts your favorite websites are using. Wired.com, for instance, uses Exchange, while Buzzfeed uses Proxima Nova for both headings and body text. Choose your images. Most bloggers turn to SXC.hu, Pixabay, or any of the countless other stock pictures websites for their image needs. Images here are free and easy to find, but also tend to be low in quality and poor in contextual relevancy. Plus, since they’ve been used by bloggers ad infinitum, they tend to look jaded and overused. Recommended Reading: Should You Use Stock Or Free Images For Blog Posts? Below, I’ve shared some of my favorite methods to get better images: 1. Buy stock images. With prices as low as $1/image, you really don’t have an excuse for not taking this route already. The picture quality is far superior and they all look ‘fresh’ to readers since they haven’t been used by every blogger in existence. You also don’t need resolutions wider than 640px for most images, which brings down initial purchase cost as well. If you do plan to modify the image, make sure that the image license permits it. Check out ShutterStock.com, Fotolia.com, BigStock.com, etc. to get started. But what if you don’t have $1 to spare? In that case, use option #2, below. With prices as low as $1/image, you really don’t have an excuse to use great images. #blogging2. Use free hero images. Startups need high quality images to build their sites. Thankfully, a number of designers and photographers have stepped up to the challenge and started offering stunning pictures for free. These are called ‘hero’ images, and for bloggers, they are (largely) untapped goldmines. Here are some sites to get you started: Unsplash.com, DeathToTheStockPhoto.com, LittleVisuals.co, Superfamous.com, and PicJumbo.com. The image quality here is incredible, but you can’t search by keyword, so be prepared to dig deep to find the right image. Some pictures (especially from Unsplash.com) have also been overused by startups. If it looks a little too familiar, it’s probably a good idea to not use it. If a stock photo seems a little familiar, its best not to use it. #blogging3. Try paid hero images. An alternative to stock image marketplaces is to buy splash or hero images from marketplaces like CreativeMarket. You can either buy images individually, or you can buy image packs of hundreds of images for as low as $10. Its a useful strategy if you want something more exclusive than what Unsplash.com or the others have to offer. Choose your shapes, brushes, patterns, and icons. Strong colors, bold fonts, and breathtaking stock imagery are good enough to make your blog stand out.  But to create blog  graphics, you will need a few extra building blocks- namely brushes, patterns, icons, and shapes. You can find thousands of these design elements online on sources both free and paid. The hard part is figuring out what to download, and where to download it. For a start, grab the following: 1. Patterns. A clean, subtle pattern can make the most ordinary design pop and sparkle. There are countless websites peddling patterns online, but for the most projects, you don’t need to look beyond SubtlePatterns.com. Start with the following patterns – Concrete Seamless, Crossword, Stardust, Squared Metal, Notebook, Triangular, and Mooning- and grab more as you learn how to use them. 2. Icons. You will use icons a lot in your blog graphics, mostly to visualize data and highlight key points. I suggest starting out at IcoMoon.io, then exploring free icon packs such as  Line icons, Modern UI icons, 350 Pixel Perfect icons, flat icons, and  3600 flat icons. To get something more exclusive, buy a set of icon packs from  CreativeMarket. 3. Brushes, shapes, and vectors. There is no telling what shapes, vectors, and brushes you will need in your graphics projects. Since our aim is to keep costs low, I suggest grabbing the ones listed below, then buying up separate design elements as needed. Start with the graphics library at Pixeden.com. Grab virtually all the free stuff you can, then head over to MediaLoot.com, PremiumPixels.com, Brusheezy.com, and GraphicHive.net. For paid alternatives, check out CreativeMarket.com and GraphicRiver.com. I also suggest buying some credits at a stock marketplace such as VectorStock.com. A contextually relevant vector image can make your designs really stand out. Also look to grab some of the ‘infographics packs’ at CreativeMarket. You can use elements from these packs to create your own mini-infographics inside posts. This concludes the basic building blocks of our blog  graphics project. Now let’s take a look at some strategies for putting these together to create header images and in-post graphics. The Non-Designers Guide to Creating Better #Blog GraphicsHow to Create Better Blog Graphics Start with your header images. Header images are more than just design filler. They give readers a glimpse of your post’s content, and show up in social media. In essence, these are the ‘anchor’ images for your post and offer readers an idea of what to expect not just from a post, but the blog as a whole. It’s easy to get lazy with header images. You might very well be tempted to stick a stock image from SXC.hu on top and call it a day. The problem is that such stock images not only look bad, but they also don’t get as many page views. The alternative: customized header images. Let’s look at a couple of strategies for creating these. 1. Use good stock images, add text and a color tint. One of my favorite ways to create better header images in a jiffy is to use a high-quality stock image, add some text (usually the post title, shortened for clarity) and a color tint, like this: Creating this is easy enough: Grab a picture from Unsplash.com and add some text in a font from the list above. For the color tint, add a color layer in Photoshop, fill it with a color from the Google Material Design color palette, then drag it beneath the base image layer. Change the ‘blend’ mode for the base image to ‘Multiply’, and you’re all set. 2. Add borders, shapes, and different fonts. Add some complexity to your header image by throwing in some shapes, borders, and font combinations. Try the elegant font + light base color + dark border combination: Or the color gradient + pattern + gradient filled text. In the example below, I’ve used a blue-pink gradient on top of the Triangular pattern fill from SubtlePatterns.com: An easy way to make the post title stand out is to enclose it within a shape, like this: Another personal favorite is to use a vector graphic against a solid background. Below, I’ve used the ‘camera’ icon from the ET-Line icons set: None of these styles are complicated or particularly hard to copy. Try recreating them in Photoshop to get a hang of things. For further inspiration, see the header image gallery at Canva.com. Create your in-post graphics. In-post graphics are a wonderful way to give additional structure to your posts and highlight key information. They are also highly sharable. I try to add at least a couple of graphics to all my posts. With a set of existing templates, it often takes less than 10 minutes to create unique graphics for every piece of content.

Leadership of Collin Powell Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Leadership of Collin Powell - Essay Example From this study it is clear that   the management team have to make sensitive decisions that have positive impacts on the business. In the contemporary business environment, decision making is surrounded by the complexities of the business market making it necessary for the management team to use critical thinking skills to overcome business challenges. For this reason, there are numerous management skills that leaders today can learn from the life of Powell. Powell started his career as a military soon after joining the Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTP) while still in college education. Powell found this as the best decision he made as being in the military was not only his passion but also something that he was good at. In his training, Powell portrayed strong leadership skills even before his graduation. While in the drill team, he managed to win a drilling competition and the general awarded him with a pen set. When he completed his training, he was given a leadership posi tion as an Army second Lieutenant, and it did not take long before he was awarded the position of a platoon leader. In this position, Powell was supposed to guide his troop in times of war. A keen look at the leadership of Powell, he was a leader inspired right from his childhood. He points out the success of a person lies in their ability to find they love to do and what they pretty good at. For one to be an effective leader, they should be in the line of their passion and should strive to specialize in this area. Contemporary management leaders should have an inspiration for excellence as they pursue these positions in management, and this is a passion that they have to nurture right from their early career life. In the army, started on a low tone amid challenges and worked hard to achieve be the best among his troop.  

Push and Pull Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Push and Pull Marketing - Essay Example Since consumers’ attention is the main aim of communication mediums, communication strategy can be either pull strategy or push strategy. Both approaches are distinct from each other and every organization has to ensure that it plans and executes that strategy which will work for its offering (Hegel III & Brown, 2008). The main difference between push and pull marketing is that pull marketing induces end consumers to create demand, while in push marketing, marketers entice trade buyers to purchase and carry out the products that allows them to reap profit potential benefits (Steglin, 2012). Push Marketing Strategy In push strategy, the primary aim of marketers is to design marketing strategy in a way that will push products onto the consumers. It basically means offering attractive incentives to employees and sales representatives for pushing the product on specific points or places where there are more chances of customers buying products impulsively. In other words, in busin ess to business marketing, it means using marketing mediums to get attention of businesses to buy the supplier’s materials and products and sell it to end consumer. The main forms of communication mediums used are price inducements, promotions, trade shows, trade promotions, sponsorships and many more that will get the attention of retailers, wholesalers and other businesses to purchase the company’s products or services (Segal, 2012). For instance, push marketing strategy is commonly found among energy drinks companies as they try to get the attention of end consumers by organizing various events such as trade shows and promotional incentives. British Petroleum uses push strategy by attracting its customers who are the processors of their products that supply refined products to the end consumers. The company offers various perks, price breaks and discount offers so that it can get the attention of its business consumers. Unilever uses push strategy for its distributo rs, wholesalers and retailers so that it can get good placement for its products in their stores. Pull Marketing Strategy In pull marketing strategy, marketers try to inspire consumers to demand the company’s products or services. In this technique, a lot of money is spent as the tools used to grab customers’ attention are very expensive. The marketers need to incorporate strategies that will help in creating relations with target market and getting them engaged with their offerings. Some of the commonly used marketing mediums for pull strategy are word of mouth, sponsorships, product placement and advertisement in newspapers, on radio and Television (Segal, 2012). For instance, Apple uses pull strategy to attract its target market; it relies heavily on placement of products, Public Relations efforts and advertisements that are innovative and attractive which will help in creating more demand for its products. The company’s advertisements about its computers end with quotes like â€Å"available at specific places† or â€Å"Buy now†. Almost all the advertisements of the company has message that pulls consumers towards it as information about product with complete details are provided. Red Bull also focuses on pull strategy as it sponsors various events round the year such as Formula 1, soap box derby and concerts. With all these communication med